I te mea kei te piki haere te auau o te ao ki te tiaki i te pūngao me te tiaki taiao, he rerekē ngā whakaritenga a ia whenua mō te whai huatanga o te pūngao o ngā motuka hiko, engari ko te huarahi whānui ko te whai huatanga me te tiaki pūngao. Kei raro nei, kua kohia e mātou ngā paerewa whakahaere mō te whai huatanga o te pūngao o ngā motuka i te Hononga o Amerika, te Kotahitanga o Ūropi, Kanata, me Ahitereiria i ngā tau tata nei, ā, e hiahia ana mātou ki te whakapuaki atu ki a koutou.
Amerika
I te tau 1992, i whakamanahia e te Runanga o Amerika te Ture EPACT, i whakatakoto i ngā uara iti rawa o te whai hua mō ngā motuka, ā, i hiahiatia kia tutuki i ngā motuka whānui katoa e hokona ana i te United States ngā paerewa iti rawa o te whai hua hou, arā, ko ngā paerewa whai hua EPACT, mai i te 24 o Oketopa, 1997. Ko ngā paerewa whai hua i whakaritea e EPACT ko te toharite o ngā paerewa whai hua motuka whai hua teitei i hangaia e ngā kaihanga motuka nui i te United States i taua wā. I te tau 2001, i whakawhanakehia ngātahitia e te Alliance for Energy Efficiency (CEE) me te National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) tētahi paerewa motuka tino whai hua teitei, e mōhiotia ana ko te paerewa NEMA Premium. Ko ngā whakaritenga mahi tīmatanga o tēnei paerewa he rite ki ērā o te EPACT, ā, ko ōna paerewa whai hua e whakaata ana i te taumata toharite o ngā motuka tino whai hua teitei e wātea ana i te mākete o Amerika i tēnei wā, he 1 ki te 3 ōrau teitei ake i ngā paerewa EPACT, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā mate e te 20% ki te whakataurite ki ngā paerewa EPACT. I tēnei wā, ko te paerewa NEMA Premium te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei paerewa tohutoro mō ngā tautoko e tukuna ana e ngā kamupene hiko hei whakatenatena i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te hoko i ngā motuka tino-tino pai. E taunakihia ana te whakamahi i ngā motuka NEMA Premium i ngā wā e neke atu ana te mahi ā-tau i te 2,000 hāora, ā, neke atu i te 75% te tere kawenga. Ko te kaupapa NEMA Premium i tīmatahia e NEMA he whakaaetanga ahumahi tūao. Me hainatia e ngā mema o NEMA tēnei whakaaetanga, ā, me tutuki hoki i ngā paerewa i mua i te whakamahinga o te tohu NEMA Premium. Me utu e ngā waeine kore-mema tētahi utu hei whakamahi i tēnei tohu. Ko te whakatau i te pai o te motuka i raro i te EPACT e ahu mai ana i te paerewa tikanga whakamātautau pai o te motuka IEEE112-B o te Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers o te United States.
Te Kotahitanga o Ūropi
I waenganui o te tekau tau atu i 1990, ka tīmata te Kotahitanga o Ūropi ki te whakahaere rangahau me te whakatakoto kaupapa here mō te tiaki pūngao motuka. I te tau 1999, i tae te Tari Waka me te Pūngao o te Komihana o Ūropi me te Rōpū Kaihanga Hikohiko me te Mana o Ūropi (CE-MEP) ki tētahi whakaaetanga tūao mō te mahere whakarōpūtanga motuka (e kiia nei ko te whakaaetanga EU-CEMEP).
I whakarōpūhia e tēnei whakaaetanga ngā taumata whai huatanga o ngā motuka, arā:
Eff3 – ngā motuka iti te whai huatanga (Iti te whai huatanga);
Eff2 – ngā motuka whakapai ake (Whakapai ake i te Whai Hua);
Eff1 – ngā motuka tino whai hua (High-successivity).
(He rite te whakarōpūtanga o te whai huatanga o te pūngao motuka i tō tātou whenua ki tā te EU.)
I muri i te tau 2006, i aukatia te hanga me te tohatoha o ngā motuka taumata-eff3. I whakaritea hoki e te whakaaetanga me whakarārangi e ngā kaihanga ngā uara tautuhi me te whai huatanga o te tohu whai huatanga ki te papa ingoa hua me te pepa raraunga tauira kia taea ai e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whiriwhiri me te tautuhi, koinei hoki ngā tawhā whai huatanga pūngao tuatahi o te EU Motor Energy Product Directive. I whakatinanahia te whakaaetanga EU-CEMEP i muri i te hainatanga tūao a ngā kamupene mema CEMEP, ā, i mihi ki ngā kaihanga, ngā kawemai me ngā kaihokohoko kāore he mema ki te whai wāhi. I tēnei wā, e 36 ngā kamupene hanga tae atu ki a Siemens o Tiamana, ABB o Switzerland, BrookCromton o te UK, Leroy-Somer o Wīwī, me ētahi atu kei te whai wāhi, e kapi ana i te 80% o te hanga i Ūropi. Ka tukuna e Denmark he tautoko o te 100, 250 rānei kroner Danish ia kW ki ngā kaiwhakamahi e hoko ana i ngā motuka me te whai huatanga teitei ake i te paerewa iti rawa. Ka whakaratohia e Netherlands ngā tautoko hoko me ngā whakatenatena taake. Ka whakatairanga te UK i te huringa mākete o ngā motuka whai huatanga teitei me ētahi atu hua penapena pūngao mā te whakaiti i ngā taake huringa āhuarangi me te whakatinanatanga o te "Kaupapa Tautoko Pūtea Whakanuia". Ka whakarite hoki te kāwanatanga i tētahi mahere whakarerekētanga mākete e te Tari Taiao, Kai me ngā Take Taiwhenua (DEFRA) hei whakauru kaha i ngā hua penapena pūngao, hei whakarato mōhiohio mō ēnei hua, ngā otinga penapena pūngao me ngā tikanga hoahoa, me ētahi atu mea i runga i te Ipurangi.
Kānata
I te tau 1991, i whakawhanakehia ngātahitia e te Canadian Standards Association me te Canadian Electrical Manufacturers Association tētahi paerewa iti rawa o te whai huatanga pūngao e taunakitia ana mō ngā motuka. He iti iho ngā tohu whai huatanga o tēnei paerewa i ērā o ngā paerewa EPACT o Amerika i muri mai. Nā te hiranga o te take pūngao, i whakamanahia hoki e te Paremata o Kanata te Energy Efficiency Act (EEACT) i te tau 1992, i whakaurua ai ngā paerewa iti rawa o te whai huatanga pūngao mō ngā motuka. He rite tonu ngā tohu whai huatanga o ēnei motuka ki ērā o ngā paerewa EPACT o Amerika, ā, i whakaritea kia whai mana te paerewa i te tau 1997. He mea whakahau tēnei paerewa e ai ki te ture, nō reira kua tere te whakatairanga i ngā motuka whai huatanga teitei.
Ahitereiria
Hei penapena pūngao me te tiaki i te taiao, kua whakatinanahia e te kāwanatanga o Ahitereiria tētahi kaupapa paerewa whai hua pūngao, he kaupapa MEPS rānei mō ngā taputapu whare me ngā taputapu ahumahi mai i te tau 1999. Kei te whakahaerehia tēnei kaupapa e te Tari Hau Kākāriki o te Kāwanatanga o Ahitereiria me te mahi tahi me te Komihana Paerewa o Ahitereiria. Kua whakaurua e Ahitereiria ngā motuka ki roto i te whānuitanga o te MEPS. I whakaaetia te paerewa whakahau mō ngā motuka, ā, i tīmata te mana i te Oketopa 2001, ko te tau paerewa ko AS/NZS1359.5. Me tutuki, me neke atu rānei ngā motuka i hangaia me te kawemai i Ahitereiria me Aotearoa i ngā tohu whai hua iti rawa kua whakaritea i roto i tēnei paerewa. Ka taea te whakamātautau i tēnei paerewa mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga e rua, ā, e tohu ana i ngā huinga tohu e rua: ko tētahi huinga ko ngā tohu o te Tikanga A, e rite ana ki te tikanga IEEE112-B i te United States; ko tētahi atu huinga ko ngā tohu o te Tikanga B, e rite ana ki te IEC34-2, ko ōna uara tau he rite ki ērā o te EU-CEMEP's Eff2 a te EU. Ehara i te mea ko tēnei paerewa anake e whakatakoto ana i ngā paerewa iti rawa whakahau engari e whakatakoto ana hoki i ngā tohu motuka whai hua teitei hei paerewa kua tūtohutia, e akiaki ana i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te tango i a rātou. He rite ngā uara tau ki ērā o te EU-CEMEP's Eff1 me te EPACT i te Hononga o Amerika.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-14-2026